SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A FLUID

专利摘要:
system and method of monitoring a fluid. systems and methods are described for monitoring chemical reaction processes in real or near real time. the method may include containing the liquid in a flow path, the fluid having a chemical reaction that occurs there, optically interacting with at least one computational element integrated with the fluid, thereby generating optically interacted light and producing an output signal based on optically interacted light that corresponds to the characteristic of the chemical reaction.
公开号:BR112015002806B1
申请号:R112015002806-3
申请日:2013-09-04
公开日:2020-05-12
发明作者:Ola Tunheim；Robert P. Freese；Alexis Wachtel；James Robert MacLennan
申请人:Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

“SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A FLUID
Background [001] The present invention relates to optical analysis systems and fluid analysis methods and, in particular, to systems and methods for monitoring chemical reaction processes or in near real time.
[002] In the oil and gas industry, it is often important to know precisely the characteristics and chemical composition of fluids as they circulate in and out of underground formations, vessels and pipes. Typically, oil and gas fluid analyzes were performed offline using laboratory analyzes, such as wet spectroscopic and / or chemical methods, which analyze a sample extracted from the fluid. Depending on the analysis required, however, this approach can take hours or days to complete, and even in the best context, a task will often be completed before the analysis is achieved. In addition, offline laboratory tests can sometimes be difficult to perform, require extensive sample preparation and pose risks to the personnel performing the tests. Bacterial analyzes, for example, can particularly take a long time to complete, since culturing a bacterial sample is usually necessary to obtain satisfactory results.
[003] Although offline, retrospective analysis may be satisfactory in certain cases, but it does not provide real-time or near real-time analysis capabilities. As a result, the proactive control of an underground operation or fluid flow inside the related containers or pipelines cannot take place at least, without significant disruption to the process that occurred
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2/46 pending the results of the analysis. Retrospective off-line analyzes can also be unsatisfactory for determining the true characteristics of the fluid, since the characteristics of the sample extracted from the fluid often change during the time delay between collection and analysis, thereby making the properties of the sample not indicative of the true chemical composition or characteristic. For example, factors that can change the characteristics of a fluid during the time between collection and analysis can include scale, reaction of various components in the fluid with each other, the reaction of various components in the fluid with the components of the environment environment, simple chemical degradation and bacterial growth.
[004] Monitoring of fluids or almost in real time can be of considerable interest in order to monitor chemical reaction processes, thus serving as a measure of quality control of processes where fluids are used. Specifically, there are a number of processes that require changing physical and chemical parameters based on the concentration of reagents in the processor products produced by the process. For example, temperatures, pressures, flow rates, pH and other physical parameters of the process must often be monitored and changed to optimize the progress of the chemical process.
[005] Spectroscopic techniques for measuring chemical reaction processes are well known and routinely used under laboratory conditions. In some cases, these spectroscopic techniques can be performed without using an involved sample preparation. It is more common, however,
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3/46 perform several sannpie preparation procedures before performing the analysis. Reasons for performing sample preparation procedures may include, for example, removing interference from the basic materials of the analyte of interest, converting the analyte of interest into a chemical form that can best be detected by a chosen spectroscopic technique, and adding rules to improve the accuracy of quantitative measurements. Therefore, there is usually a drawback in obtaining an analysis due to the sample preparation time, even discounting the transit time of transporting the extracted sample to a laboratory.
[006] Although spectroscopic techniques can, at least in principle, be conducted to a workplace, such as the well site, or in a process, the previous issues related to preparation time may still apply. In addition, the transition of spectroscopic instruments from a laboratory to a field or process environment can be expensive and complex. The reasons for these issues may include, for example, the need to overcome the inconsistent temperature, humidity and vibration encountered during use in the field. In addition, sample preparation, when necessary, can be difficult under conditions of field analysis. The difficulty of carrying out sample preparation in the field can be especially problematic in the presence of interfering materials, which can further complicate conventional spectroscopic analyzes. Quantitative spectroscopic measurements can be particularly difficult in both field and laboratory configurations, due to the need for precision and accuracy in sample preparation and spectral interpretation.
Summary of the invention
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4/46 [007] The present invention relates to optical analysis systems and fluid analysis methods and, in particular, to systems and methods for monitoring chemical reaction processes or in near real time.
[008] In some aspects of the present description, a system is described that may include a flow path containing a fluid, where a chemical reaction occurs, at least, an integrated computational element configured to interact with the fluid optically and thus generate optically interacted light, and at least one detector arranged to receive optically interacted light and generate an output signal corresponding to a characteristic of the chemical reaction.
[009] In other aspects of the description, a method for monitoring a fluid is described. The method may include containing the liquid in a flow path, the fluid having a chemical reaction that occurs there, optically interacting with at least one computational element integrated with the fluid, thereby optically generating the interacted light, and producing an output signal with based on optically interacted light that corresponds to a characteristic of the chemical reaction.
[0010] The features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the description of the preferred embodiments which follow.
Brief description of the drawings [0011] The following figures are included to illustrate certain aspects of the present invention, and should not be seen as exclusive realizations. The material disclosed is apt for considerable modifications, alterations, combinations and the equivalents of form and function, as will occur with
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5/46 technicians in the subject and with the benefit of this description.
[0012] Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary integrated computing element, according to one or more achievements;
[0013] Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram illustrating non mechanistically how an optical computing device distinguishes electromagnetic radiation related to a characteristic of interest from other electromagnetic radiation, according to one or more achievements;
[0014] Figure 3 illustrates exemplary systems for monitoring a fluid, according to one or more achievements; and [0015] Figure 4 illustrates another exemplary system for monitoring a fluid, according to one or more achievements. Detailed description [0016] The present invention relates to optical analysis systems and fluid analysis methods and, in particular, to systems and methods for monitoring chemical reaction processes or in near real time.
[0017] The systems and methods described here employ various configurations of optical computing devices, also commonly referred to as optical-analytical devices, for real-time or near-real monitoring of chemical reaction processes. In operation, exemplary systems and methods can be useful and otherwise advantageous in determining when a chemical reaction has occurred until completion. In other embodiments, the systems and methods can provide real-time or quasi-real determination of the concentration of unreacted reagents and / or resulting products, enabling the determination of the chemical reaction kinetics. Optical computing devices, which are described in more detail below, can advantageously provide
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6/46 real-time or quasi-real monitoring of a chemical reaction that currently cannot be achieved with on-site analysis at a workplace or through more detailed analysis that takes place in a laboratory. An important and distinct advantage of these devices is that they can be configured to specifically detect and / or measure a particular component or feature of interest in a fluid or other material, namely, thus allowing the performance of qualitative and / or quantitative analyzes of the fluid without having to extract a sample and perform time-consuming analyzes in an off-site laboratory. With the possibility of performing analysis in real time or near real time, the exemplary systems and methods described in this document may be able to provide some measure of proactive or receptive control through chemical reaction, allow the collection and archiving of information about fluid together with operational information to optimize subsequent operations, and / or improve the ability to perform remote work.
[0018] Those skilled in the art will easily understand that the systems and methods described in this document may be useful in the oil and gas sector, as the optical computing devices described provide a cost-effective, robust, and accurate means for monitoring reactions chemicals related to hydrocarbon quality in order to facilitate efficient management of oil / gas production. It will be appreciated, however, that the various systems and methods are equally applicable to other technologies and industrial fields, but are not limited to the chemical, food and beverage, pharmaceutical and energy industries (eg biofuel manufacturing and development) , industrial applications,
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7/46 mining, defense and military technologies industries, or any field where it can be advantageous to determine in real or near real time the kinetics of the reaction of a chemical process. [0019] Optical computing devices suitable for use in the present embodiments can be implemented at any number of various points within a flow path to control a chemical reaction that occurs within a fluid or material. Depending on the location of the particular optical computing device, various types of information about the fluid or material can be obtained. In some cases, for example, optical computing devices can be used to monitor a chemical reaction in real time, as a result of adding a treatment reagent to a fluid, removing a treatment reagent from it, or exposing the fluid or substance to a condition that potentially changes a characteristic of the fluid or substance in some way. In other cases, optical computing devices can be used to determine the concentration of unreacted reagents in a chemical composition and any resulting products derived therefrom. This can prove advantageous in determining when the reaction has progressed to completion. Therefore, the systems and methods described here can be configured to monitor a fluid and, more particularly, to control the chemical reaction processes related to them.
[0020] As used herein, the term fluid refers to any substance that is capable of flowing, including particulate solids, gases, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, powders, sludges, glasses, their combinations, and so on. . In some embodiments, the fluid can be an aqueous fluid, including the
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8/46 water or similar element. In some embodiments, the fluid may be a non-aqueous fluid, including organic compounds, more specifically, hydrocarbons, refined petroleum, an oil component, petrochemicals, and the like. In some embodiments, the fluid can be a treatment fluid or a formation fluid, as found in the oil and gas industry. Fluids can include various fluid mixtures of solids, liquids and / or gases. Illustrative gases that can be considered fluids according to the present embodiments include, for example, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, helium, methane, ethane, butane, and other hydrocarbon gases, combinations thereof, and / or similar elements, and so on.
[0021] As used herein, the term characteristic refers to a chemical, or a physical physical property of a substance or material, such as the fluid defined above or a reagent, as defined below. The characteristic can also refer to a chemical, mechanical, or physical property of a product resulting from a chemical reaction transpiring into the fluid. A characteristic of a substance can include a quantitative value of one or more chemical components present in it. Such chemical components can be referred to here as analytes. Illustrative characteristics of a substance that can be monitored with the optical computing devices disclosed herein may include, for example, the chemical composition (for example, the identity and concentration in the total or individual components), impurity content, pH, viscosity, density, ionic strength, total dissolved solids, salt content, porosity, opacity,
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9/46 bacteria, combinations thereof, and similar elements. In addition, the expression characteristic of / interest in a fluid can be used here to refer to the characteristic of a chemical reaction sweat or otherwise.
[0022] As used here, the term flow path refers to a path through which a fluid is capable of being transported between two or more points. In some cases, the flow path does not need to be continuous or not contiguous between two or more points. Exemplary flow paths include, but are not limited to, a flow line, pipeline, hose, process installation, storage container, tanker, rail tanker, barge or transport vessel, a separator, a contactor, a processing container, their combinations, or something like that. In cases where the flow path is an oil pipeline, or something like that, the pipeline can be a pre-ordered pipeline or an operational pipeline. It should be noted that the term flow path does not necessarily imply that a fluid is flowing in it, but that a fluid is capable of being transported or fluid through it.
[0023] As used here, the term chemical reaction process or chemical reaction refers to a process that leads to the transformation of one series of chemical substances to another. As known to those skilled in the art, chemical reactions involve one or more reagents, as described below, which react chemically, spontaneously, without the need for energy supply, or not spontaneously, typically after the introduction of some type of energy, such as such as heat, light, electricity, or by adding a catalyst. O
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10/46 chemical reaction process produces one or more products, which may or may not have different properties than reagents. Some exemplary products that can be monitored or otherwise detected, as disclosed herein, include hydroxymethyl tetrakis phosphonium oxide (THPO), quaternary pyridinium compounds and similar elements, sulfites, sulfates, their derivatives, or similar elements.
[0024] As used here, the term reagent, or variations thereof, refers to at least a portion of a raw material of interest or to be evaluated using the optical computing devices described here during a chemical reaction process One reagent can be a reaction material, which is transformed into a product during a particular chemical reaction. In some embodiments, the reagent is the characteristic of interest, as defined above, and can include any integral component of the fluid that flows within the flow path. For example, the reagent may include compounds that contain elements, including, but not limited to, barium, calcium, manganese, sulfur, iron, strontium, chlorine, etc., and any other chemical that may lead to precipitation in the flow path. The reagent can also refer to paraffins, waxes, asphaltenes, aromatics, saturated fatty acids, foams, salts, particles, sand or other solid particles, their combinations, and similar elements.
[0025] In other aspects, the reagent may include any substance added to the fluid path, in order to cause a chemical reaction configured to treat the fluid contained therein. Exemplary treatment reagents may include, but are not limited to, acid-generating compounds, bases, generator-based compounds, biocides, surfactants,
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11/46 scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, gelling agents, crosslinking agents, anti-mud agents, agents, anti-foaming agents, anti-foaming agents, emulsifying agents, demulsifying agents, iron control agents, propellants or other particles, gravel, particle diversion, salts, fluidloss control additives, gases, catalysts, clay control agents, chelating agents, corrosion inhibitors, flocculants, dispersants, sequestrants (eg H25 scavengers, CO2 scavengers or 02), lubricants, circuit breakers, delayed release circuit breakers, friction reducers, bridge agents, viscosifiers, weighting agents, solubilizers, rheology control agents, viscosity modifiers, pH control agents (for example, buffers) , hydrate inhibitors, relative permeability modifiers, diversion agents, consolidating agents, fibrous materials, bactericides, tracers, probes, in noparticles, hydroxymethyl tetrakis phosphonium sulfate (THPS), glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium chloride, algal / fungal / bacterial deposits, imidazoline derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, alkaline zinc carbonate, amines, and similar elements. Combinations of these substances can also be used.
[0026] As used, here the term electromagnetic radiation refers to radio waves, microwave radiation, infrared and near infrared radiation, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray radiation.
[0027] As used herein, the term optical computing device refers to an optical device that is configured to receive a radiation input
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12/46 electromagnetic radiation of a substance or a sample of the substance, and produce an electromagnetic radiation output from a processing element, disposed inside the optical computing device. The processing element can be, for example, an integrated computational element (ECI) used in the optical computing device. As discussed in more detail below, the electromagnetic radiation that optically interacts with the processing element is altered in order to be readable by a detector, so that the detector's output can be correlated with at least one fluid characteristic, such as a characteristic of a chemical process of interest transpiring in the fluid. The output of electromagnetic radiation from the processing element may be reflected electromagnetic radiation, transmitted electromagnetic radiation, and / or scattered electromagnetic radiation. The analysis of the reflected detector or transmitted electromagnetic radiation can be dictated by the structural parameters of the optical computing device, as well as other considerations known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the emission, and / or dispersion of the substance, for example, through fluorescence, luminescence, Raman dispersion and / or Raleigh dispersion, can also be monitored by optical computing devices. [0028] As used here, the term optically interact or its variations refers to the reflection, transmission, scattering, diffraction or absorption of, electromagnetic radiation, either by, through, or from one or more processing elements ( that is, integrated computational elements). Therefore, optically interacted light refers to electromagnetic radiation that has been reflected, transmitted,
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13/46 dispersed, diffracted or absorbed, emitted, or re-irradiated, for example, using integrated computational elements, but interaction with a fluid or a reagent in the fluid can also be applied.
[0029] The systems copies and methods here described include at any less one device computing optics or willing to long in a route flow to in to monitor one flow in fluid or otherwise contained at the
flow path. At least one optical computing device can also be configured to control one or more reagents that flow or otherwise contained in the flow path, and any resulting product derived from chemical processes that occur in the flow path. Each optical computing device may include a source of electromagnetic radiation, at least one processing element (e.g., integrated computational elements), and at least one detector arranged to receive optically interacted light from at least one processing element. As disclosed below, however, in at least one embodiment, the source of electromagnetic radiation can be omitted, and electromagnetic radiation can be derived from the fluid, the reagent or the product itself. In some embodiments, exemplary optical computing devices can be specifically configured to detect, analyze and quantitatively measure a particular characteristic or analyte of interest for the fluid, reagent or product in the flow path. In at least one embodiment, this feature can be related to a chemical process of interest and optical computing devices can be configured to follow
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14/46 numerically the progress of the reaction in real or near real time, thus allowing the determination of the reaction kinetics. In another embodiment, optical computing devices can be general-purpose optical devices, devices with post-acquisition processing (for example, by computer means) used to specifically detect the characteristic of the fluid or reagent.
[0030] In some embodiments, structural components suitable for exemplary optical computing devices are described in U.S. Commonly Owned Patents No. 6,198,531; 6,529,276; 7,123,844; 7,834,999; 7,911,605; 7,920,258; and8,049,881, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and Nos. App. Serial No. 12 / 094.460; 12 / 094,465; and 13 / 456.467, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As will be appreciated, variations in the structural components of optical computing devices described in the above referenced patents and patent applications may be suitable, without departing from the scope of the description, and therefore should not be considered as limiting to the various achievements described in this document.
[0031] The optical computing devices described in the preceding patents and patent applications combine the advantage of power, precision and accuracy associated with laboratory spectrometers, although extremely resistant and suitable for use in the field. In addition, optical computing devices can perform calculations (analysis) in real time or near real time without the need for time-consuming sample processing. In this regard, optical computing devices can be specifically configured to detect and
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15/46 to analyze characteristics and / or analytes of interest in a fluid, including reagents and / or products corresponding to a chemical reaction process that transpires in it. As a result, the interference signals are distinguished from those of interest in the substance by the appropriate configuration of the optical computing devices, so that the optical computing devices provide a quick response with respect to the characteristics of the fluid, reagent, and / or resulting product with based on the detected output. In some embodiments, the detected output can be converted into a voltage that is different from the magnitude of the measured characteristic of interest. The foregoing and other advantages make the optical computing device particularly well suited for hydrocarbon processing and orifice utilization, but can also be applied to various other technologies or industries, without departing from the scope of the description.
[0032] Optical computing devices can be configured to detect not only the composition and concentrations of a reagent, or a product resulting from a chemical process involving the reagent, in a fluid, but can also be configured to determine the properties physical and other characteristics of the reagent and / or product, as well as, based on your analysis of the electromagnetic radiation received from the particular reagent / product. For example, optical computing devices can be configured to determine the concentration of an analyte and correlate the determined concentration to an asubstance characteristic using suitable processing means. As will be appreciated, optical computing devices can be configured
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16/46 to detect as many substances as many fluid characteristics or analytes, reagents and / or products, as desired. All that is necessary to perform the monitoring of multiple characteristics is the incorporation of processing and adequate means of detection in the optical computing device for each analyte of interest, referring to the fluid, the reagent, and / or the product. In some embodiments, the properties of the fluid, reagent and / or product may be a combination of the properties of the analytes therein (for example, a linear, non-linear, logarithmic, and / or exponential combination). Therefore, the characteristics and analytes that are detected and analyzed using optical computing devices, the properties of a specific fluid, reagent and / or product will be more precisely determined.
[0033] The optical computing devices described here use electromagnetic radiation to perform calculations, as opposed to the physically connected circuits of conventional electronic processors. This information is often referred to as the spectral fingerprint of the substance. The optical computing devices described here are able to extract information from the fingerprint of the spectrum of multiple characteristics or analytes in a fluid, reagent and / or product, and convert this information into a detectable output in relation to the global properties of the monitored substance. That is, through appropriate configurations of the devices of optical computing devices, electromagnetic radiation associated with characteristics or analytes of interest in a fluid, reagent, and / or the product can be separated from electromagnetic radiation associated with other
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17/46 components of the liquid, in order to estimate the properties of the monitored substance in real or near real time.
[0034] The processing elements used in the exemplary optical computing devices described here can be characterized as integrated ECI connputation elements.
[0035] Each ECI is able to distinguish electromagnetic radiation related to the characteristic of interest from electromagnetic radiation related to other components of a fluid. Referring to Figure 1, an exemplary ECI 100 suitable for use in optical computing devices used in the systems and methods described herein is illustrated. As illustrated, ECI 100 can include a plurality of alternating layers 102 and 104, such as silicon (Si) and Si02 (quartz), respectively. In general, these layers 102, 104 consist of materials whose refractive index is high and low, respectively. Other examples may include niobium and niobium, germanium and germania, MgF, SiO, and other high and low index materials known in the art. The layers 102, 104 can be strategically deposited on an optical substrate 106. In some embodiments, the optical substrate 106 is optical glass BK-7. In other embodiments, the optical substrate 106 may be another type of optical substrate, such as quartz, sapphire, silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, or various plastics, such as polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride vinyl (PVC), diamond, ceramics, their combinations and so on.
[0036] At the opposite end (for example, on the opposite side of the optical substrate 106 in figure 1), ECI 100 can include a
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18/46 layer 108 that is generally exposed to the device or installation environment. The number of layers 102, 104 and the thickness of each layer 102, 104 are determined from the spectral attributes acquired from a spectroscopy analysis of a characteristic of interest (for example, a fluid characteristic, a reagent, or a product resulting from a chemical reaction) using a conventional spectroscopic instrument. The spectrum of interest for a given characteristic of interest typically includes any number of different wavelengths. It should be understood that exemplary ECI 100 in figure 1 does not, in fact, represent any particular interest feature of a particular fluid, reagent, and / or product, but is provided for purposes of illustration only. Consequently, the number of layers 102, 104 and their relative thicknesses, as shown in figure 1, have no relation to any specific feature of interest. Neither layers 102, 104 and their relative thicknesses are necessarily drawn to scale, and therefore are not considered to limit the present description. In addition, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the materials that make up each layer 102, 104 (i.e. Si and Si02) may vary, depending on the application, the cost of materials, and / or the applicability of the materials to the monitored substance.
[0037] In some embodiments, the material of each layer 102, 104 can be doped or two or more materials can be combined in order to obtain the desired optical characteristic. In addition to solids, the exemplary ECI 100 can also contain liquids and / or gases, optionally in combination with
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19/46 solids in order to produce a desired optical characteristic. In the case of gases and liquids, ECI 100 may contain a corresponding container (not shown), which houses the gases or liquids: Exemplary variations of ECI 100 may also include holographic optical elements, railings, piezoelectric, light tube, light tube digital (TLD) and / or optical-acoustic elements, for example, which can generate transmission, reflection and / or interest-absorbing properties.
[0038] Multiple layers 102, 104 have different refractive indices. With the proper selection of the materials of layers 102, 104 and their relative thickness and spacing, ECI 100 can be configured to selectively transmit / reflect / refract predetermined fractions of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths. Each wavelength has a predetermined weighting or load factor. The thickness and spacing of layers 102, 104 can be determined using a variety of methods of approximating the spectrograph to the characteristic or substance of interest. These methods may include inverse Fourier transformation (IFT) of the optical transmission spectrum and structuring ECI 100 as the physical representation of the IFT. The approximations convert IFT to a material-based structure with constant known refractive indices. More information on the structures and design of integrated connputation elements (also referred to as multivariate optical elements) is provided in Applied Optics, Vol. 35, pp. 5484-5492 (1996) and Vol. 129, pp. 2876-2893, which is incorporated by reference.
[0039] The weightings that layers 102, 104 of the ECI 100 that
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20/46 apply to each wavelength are defined for regression weights described against a known equation, or data, or spectral signature. Briefly, ECI 100 can be configured to develop the dot product of the incoming light beam for ECI 100 and a desired loaded regression vector represented by each of the layers 102, 104 for each wavelength. As a result, the light intensity of the ECI 100 output is related to the characteristic or analyte of interest. More details on how the exemplary ECI 100 is able to distinguish and process electromagnetic radiation related to the characteristic or analyte of interest are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,198,531; 6,529,276; and 7,920,258, here previously incorporated by reference.
[0040] With reference to figure 2, a block diagram is illustrated which mechanistically illustrates how an optical computing device 200 is able to distinguish electromagnetic radiation related to a characteristic of interest from other electromagnetic radiation. As shown in figure 2, after being illuminated with incident electromagnetic radiation, a fluid 202 containing a reagent (for example, a characteristic of interest) produces an output of electromagnetic radiation (for example, light interacted with the sample), some of which is electromagnetic radiation 204 corresponding to the characteristic of interest and some of which is basic electromagnetic radiation 310 corresponding to other components or characteristics of fluid 202. In some embodiments, fluid 202 may include one or more reagents and the characteristic of interest may correspond to one or more reagents. In other embodiments, the fluid may include one or more products
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21/46 resulting from a chennical reaction occurring in the fluid and the characteristic of interest may correspond to the products. [0041] Although not specifically shown, one or more spectral elements can be used in device 200, in order to restrict the optical wavelengths and / or bandwidths of the optical system and therefore eliminate unwanted electromagnetic radiation in the regions wavelengths that have no importance. Such spectral elements can be located anywhere along the optical train, but are typically employed directly after the light source (if present), which provides other electromagnetic radiation. Various configurations and applications of spectral elements in optical computing devices can be found in US common property Nos. We. 6,198,531; 6,529,276; 7,123,844; 7,834,999; 7,911,605; 7,920,258; and
8,049,881, and US Nos. App. Serial No. 12 / 094,460 (US Nos. App. Pub. No. 2009/0219538); 12 / 094,465 (U.S. Nos. App. Pub. No. 2009/0219539); and 13 / 456,467, incorporated herein by reference.
[0042] The electromagnetic radiation beams 204, 206 fall on an optical computing device 200, which contains an exemplary ECI 208 contained therein. In the illustrated embodiment, ECI 208 can be configured to produce optically interacted light, for example, optically transmitted interacted light 210 and optically reflected interacted light 214. In operation, ECI 208 can be configured to distinguish electromagnetic radiation 204 from basic electromagnetic radiation 206.
[0043] The optically interacted transmitted light 210, which may be related to a characteristic of interest in the fluid
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22/46
202, can be conducted to a detector 212 for analysis and quantification. In some embodiments, detector 212 is configured to produce an output signal in the form of a voltage that corresponds to the particular characteristic of interest in substance 202. In at least one embodiment 20, the signal produced by detector 212 and the concentration of the characteristic of interest can be directly proportional. In other embodiments, the relationship can be a polynomial function, an exponential function, and / or a logarithmic function. The optically reflected interacted light 214, which may be related to characteristics of other components of fluid 202, can be directed away from detector 212. In alternative configurations, ECI 208 can be configured such that the optically reflected interacted light 214 can be related to the characteristic of interest, and the optically transmitted interacted light 210 may be related to other components or characteristics of the fluid 202.
[0044] In some embodiments, a second detector 216 may be present and arranged to detect optically reflected interacted light 214. In other embodiments, the second detector 216 may be arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation 204, 206 derived from substance 202 or electromagnetic radiation directed at or before the fluid 202. Without limitation, the second detector 216 can be used to detect resulting deviations that radiate from a source of electromagnetic radiation (not shown), which provides electromagnetic radiation (ie, light) for device 200. For example, radiation deviations can include things such as, but not limited to, fluctuations in intensity in electromagnetic radiation, interfering fluctuations (for example,
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23/46 example, dust or other interferences passing in front of the source of electromagnetic radiation), window coverings included with the optical computing device 10, their combinations or similar elements. In some embodiments, a beam splitter (not shown) can be used to divide the electromagnetic radiation 204, 206, and the transmitted or reflected electromagnetic radiation can then be directed to one or more ECI 208. That is, in such embodiments, ECI 208 does not function as a type of beam separator, as shown in figure 2, and the electromagnetic radiation transmitted or reflected simply passes through the radiation simply passes through the ECI 208, being processed computationally, before being conducted to detector 212.
[0045] The characteristic of interest to be analyzed using the optical computing device 200 can be computationally processed to provide additional information about the characterization of the sample on fluid 202, or any reagents / products present in it. In some embodiments, the identification and concentration of each analyte of interest in fluid 202 can be used to predict certain physical characteristics of fluid 202. For example, the characteristics of bulk sample 202 can be estimated through a combination of the properties given to the sample 202 for each analyte.
[0046] In some embodiments, the concentration or magnitude of the characteristic of interest determined using the optical computing device 200 can be fed into an algorithm that operates under computational control. The algorithm can be configured to make predictions about how
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24/46 characteristics of sample 202 would change if the concentrations of the characteristic of interest are changed from one another. In some embodiments, the algorithm may produce an output that is readable by an operator who can take appropriate measures manually, if necessary, based on the reported output. In other embodiments, however, the algorithm may adopt control of the proactive process, for example, automatically adjusting the flow of a treatment reagent introduced into a flow path by locking the treatment reagent in response to a interval. [0047] The algorithm can be part of an artificial neural network configured to use the concentration of each characteristic of interest, in order to evaluate the global characteristic of fluid 202 and to predict how to modify fluid 202 in order to change its properties of desired shape. Illustrative but not limiting neural networks are described in Apl. US Patent No. 11 / 986,763 (US EUA Pub. No. 2009/0182693), which is incorporated herein by reference. It should be recognized that an artificial neural network can be trained using samples of predetermined characteristics of interest, such as reagents and products resulting from chemical processes involving known reagents, having known concentrations, compositions, and / or properties, and generating a virtual library . As the virtual library available for the artificial neural network becomes larger, the neural network can become more capable of accurately predicting the characteristic of interest corresponding to a fluid, reagent or product having any number of analytes present in it. Furthermore, with sufficient training, the artificial neural network can
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25/46 predict more accurately the characteristics of the fluid.
[0048] It is recognized that the various achievements here aimed at computer control and artificial neural networks, including various blocks, modules, elements, components, methods and algorithms, can be implemented using hardware, software, their combinations, and so on. To illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, several illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, algorithms and methods have generally been described in terms of their functionality. The implementation of such hardware or software functionality depends on the specific application and any design restrictions imposed. For this reason, at least, it must be recognized that a technician in the subject can apply the functionality described in a variety of ways to a particular application. In addition, various components and blocks can be arranged in a different order or distributed in a different way, for example, without departing from the scope of the achievements explicitly described.
[0049] Computer hardware used to implement the various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods and algorithms described may include a processor configured to execute one or more sequences of instructions, programming postures, or code stored in, a readable medium by non-transitory computer. The processor can be, for example, a general purpose microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a specific integrated application circuit, a programmable map gate, a programmable logic device, a controller, a state machine, a closed logic, discrete hardware components, an artificial neural network, or any entity
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26/46 that can perform calculations or other data manipulation. In some embodiments, computer hardware may also include elements such as, for example, a memory (for example, random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), read-only programmable memory (PROM), erasable read-only memory (EPROM), registers, hard drives, removable disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or any other as a suitable storage device or medium.
[0050] Executable sequences described here can be implemented with one or more code sequences contained in a memory. In some embodiments, such code can be read into the memory of another machine-readable medium. The execution of the instruction sequences contained in the memory can cause a processor to perform the steps of the process described here. One or more processors in a multiprocessing arrangement can also be employed to execute sequences of instructions in memory. In addition, the cable-connected circuit can be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement various achievements described here. Therefore, the present achievements are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and / or software.
[0051] As used herein, a machine-readable medium will refer to any medium that directly or indirectly provides instructions from a processor for execution. An optical reading medium can take many forms, including, for example, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical and magnetic disks. Volatile medium may include,
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27/46 for example, dynamic memory. Transmission medium may include, for example, coaxial cables, wires, optical fibers, and wires that form the bus. Common forms of machine-readable media may include, for example, floppy disks, floppy disks, hard drives, magnetic tapes, other magnetic media, CD-ROMs, DVDs, other optical media, perforated cards, paper tapes and media with printed holes , RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM and flash.
[0052] In some embodiments, data collected using optical computing devices can be archived together with data associated with operating parameters connected to a workplace. Job performance evaluation can then be analyzed and improved for future operations or such information can be used to design subsequent operations. In addition, data and information can be communicated (wired or wireless) to a remote location via a communication system (for example, satellite communication or wide area network communication) for further analysis. Communication can also allow remote monitoring and operation of a chemical reaction process. Automated control with a long-range communication system can further facilitate the performance of remote work operations. In particular, an artificial neural network can be used in some embodiments to facilitate the performance of remote work operations. That is, remote work operations can be performed automatically on some achievements. In other embodiments, however, remote work operations can take place under the direct control of the operator, if the operator is not in control.
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28/46 workplace, but able to access the workplace via wireless communication.
[0053] With reference to figure 3, an exemplary system 300 for monitoring a fluid 302 is illustrated, such as a chemical reaction process that can occur in fluid 302, according to one or more embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, fluid 302 may be contained or otherwise flowing in an exemplary flow passage 304. In at least one embodiment, flow path 304 may be a flow line or pipeline, and fluid 302 present therein. it may be flowing in the general direction indicated by arrows A (that is, from upstream to downstream). As will be appreciated, however, in other embodiments, flow path 304 may be any other type of flow path, as generally described, or otherwise defined herein. For example, flow path 304 may be a storage device or reaction vessel, and fluid 302 may not necessarily be flowing while being monitored.
[0054] In at least one embodiment, however, flow path 304 may form part of an oil / gas pipeline and may be part of a wellhead or a plurality of subsea and / or above interconnecting flow lines that connect several underground hydrocarbon reservoirs with one or more reception / collection platforms or process facilities. In some embodiments, parts of the flow path 304 can be used along the bore and fluidly connected, for example, a formation and a wellhead. As such, parts of flow path 304 may be arranged substantially vertical, substantially horizontal, or any configuration
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29/46 directional between them, without departing from the scope of the description.
[0055] System 300 may include at least one optical computing device 306, which may be similar in some respects to the optical computing device 200 of Figure 2, and therefore can be better understood with reference to them. Although not shown, the optical computing device 306 can be housed in a housing or housing configured to substantially protect the internal components of the device 306 from damage or contamination from the external environment (e.g., flow path 304). The housing can operate to mechanically couple the device 306 to the flow path 304 with, for example, mechanical fasteners, brazing or welding techniques, adhesives, magnets, their combinations and so on. In operation, the enclosure can be designed to withstand pressures that can be experienced inside or outside the flow path 304 and therefore provide an airtight seal of the fluid against external contamination. As described in more detail below, the optical computing device 306 can be useful in determining a particular characteristic of fluid 302 in the fluid path 304, such as determining a concentration of a reagent present in fluid 302, or a product of a chemical process reaction that occurs in fluid 302. Knowing the concentration of reagents and / or products can help determine the overall quality of fiuido 302 and provide the opportunity to remedy potentially undesirable parameters of fiuido 302.
[0056] The device 306 may include an electromagnetic radiation source configured to emit, or otherwise,
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30/46 generate electromagnetic radiation 310. The source of electromagnetic radiation 308 can be any device capable of emitting or generating electromagnetic radiation, as defined herein. For example, the source of electromagnetic radiation 308 may be an ampoule, a light-emitting device (LED), a laser, a blackbody, a photonic crystal, an X-ray source, combinations thereof, or similar elements. In some embodiments, lens 408 can be configured to collect or otherwise receive electromagnetic radiation 310 and direct a beam 314 of electromagnetic radiation 310 to a fluid 302. Lens 312 can be any type of optical device configured to transmit or otherwise. conduct electromagnetic radiation 310 as desired. For example, lens 312 can be a normal lens, a Fresnel lens, a diffractive optical element, a holographic graphic element, a mirror (for example, a focusing mirror), a type of collinnator, or any other transmission device. electromagnetic radiation known to those skilled in the art. In other embodiments, lens 312 can be omitted from device 306 and electromagnetic radiation 310 can alternatively be directed to fluid 302 directly from the source of electromagnetic radiation 308.
[0057] In one or more embodiments, device 306 may also include a sampling window 316 disposed adjacent to or in contact with fluid 302 for detection purposes. The sampling window 316 can be made from a variety of transparent, rigid or semi-rigid materials that are configured to allow transmission of electromagnetic radiation 310 through it. For example, the sample window 316 can be made of, but not limited to, glass,
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31/46 plastics, semi-conductors, crystalline materials, .In order to eliminate ghosting or other image problems resulting from reflectance in the 316 sampling window, system 300 may employ one or more elements of internal reflectance (ERI), such as those described in co-owned US Patent No. 7,697,141, and / or one or more imaging systems, such as those described in co-owned US USA Ser. No. 13 / 456,467, the content of which is here incorporated by reference.
[0058] After passing through the sampling window 316, electromagnetic radiation 310 collides and optically interacts with fluid 302, including all reagents and / or chemical reaction products present in fluid 302. As a result, the optically interacted radiation 318 it is generated by and reflected from fluid 302. Technicians in the field, however, will readily recognize that alternative variations of device 306 may allow the generated optically interacted radiation 302 to be transmitted, scattered, diffracted, absorbed, emitted, or
re-radiated by and / or fluid 302, or one or more reagents / products gifts at the fluid 302, without deviate from scope of description[0059] Radiation optically interacted 318 generated through the
interaction with fluid 302 can be directed to or otherwise received by an ECI 320 disposed in device 306. The ECI 320 can be a spectral component substantially similar to the ECI 100 described above with reference to figure 1. Thus, in operation, ECI 320 can be configured to receive optically interacted radiation 318 and produce modified electromagnetic radiation 322 corresponding to a particular characteristic of interest in fluid 302. In
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32/46 in particular, modified electromagnetic radiation 322 is electromagnetic radiation that interacted optically with ECI 320, through which an approximate imitation of the regression vector corresponding to the characteristic of interest obtained. In some embodiments, the characteristic of interest corresponds to fluid 302. In other embodiments, the characteristic of interest corresponds to a specific reagent found in fluid 302. In still other embodiments, the characteristic of interest corresponds to a product resulting from a sweating chemical reaction in the flow path 304.
[0060] It should be noted that, although figure 3 represents ECI 320 to receive electromagnetic radiation reflected from the fluid 302, ECI 320 can be placed anywhere along the optical train of the device 306, without departing from the scope of the description. For example, in one or more embodiments, ECI 320 (as shown in dashed lines) can be arranged inside the optical train before the sampling window 316 and also obtain substantially the same results. In other embodiments, the sampling window 316 may serve a dual purpose, such as a transmission window and ICE and 320 (i.e., a spectral component). In still other embodiments, ECI 320 can generate modified electromagnetic radiation 322 through reflection, instead of transmission.
[0061] Furthermore, while only one ECI 416 is shown on device 306, achievements are contemplated here, which include the use of two or more ECI components on device 306, each of which is configured to cooperatively determine the characteristic of interest in the fluid 302. For example, two or more ECI components can be arranged
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33/46 in series or in parallel inside the device 306 and configured to receive the optically interacted radiation 318 and, therefore, increase the sensitivity of the detector and the limits of the device 306. In other embodiments, two or more ECI components can be arranged in a mobile assembly, such as a rotating disk or a linear oscillating matrix, that moves in such a way that individual ECI components are capable of being exposed or otherwise interact optically with electromagnetic radiation for a brief distinct period of time. The two or more ECI components in any of the embodiments can be configured to be associated with or dissociated with the characteristic of substance 302. In other embodiments, the two or more ECI components can be configured to be positively or negatively correlated with the configured for. correlated positively or negatively with the characteristic of interest. These optional embodiments employing two or more ICE components are further described in copending U.S. Patent Nos. App. Ser. 6,036,516 and 7,465,178, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0062] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to monitor more than one feature of interest at a time using the 306 device. In such embodiments, various configurations of various ECI components can be used, where each ECI component is configured to detect a feature of corresponding particular and / or distinct interest, for example, for fluid 302, a reagent, or a product resulting from a chemical reaction in fluid 302. In some embodiments, the characteristic of interest can be analyzed sequentially using various ECI components that are provided
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34/46 in a single beam of electromagnetic radiation to be reflected or transmitted through fluid 302. In some embodiments, as briefly mentioned above, several ECI components can be arranged on a rotating disk, where individual ECI components are only exposed to the beam of electromagnetic radiation for a short period of time. The advantages of this approach may include the ability to analyze multiple hazardous substances and contaminants in fluid 302 using a single optical computing device and the opportunity to test additional harmful substances by simply adding additional ECI components to the rotating disc that correspond to these additional characteristics.
[0063] In other embodiments, several 312 optical computing devices can be positioned in a single location along the flow path 304, where each 312 optical computing device contains a single ECI component that is configured to detect a particular feature of interest . In such embodiments, a beam separator can deflect a portion of the electromagnetic radiation to be reflected, emitted or transmitted through the fluid 302 and to each optical computing device. Each optical computing device can be coupled to a corresponding detector or set of detectors, which is configured to detect and analyze an electromagnetic radiation output from the respective optical computing device. Parallel configurations of optical computing devices can be particularly beneficial for applications that require low power inputs and / or no moving parts.
[0064] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of the previous configurations can still be used in
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35/46 combination with a series configuration in any of the present embodiments. For example, two optical computing devices having a rotating disk with a plurality of ECI components arranged therein can be positioned in series to perform a single location analysis along the length of the flow path 304. Likewise, several stations detection devices, each containing optical computing devices in parallel, can be positioned in series to perform a similar analysis.
[0065] The modified electromagnetic radiation 322 generated by ECI 320 can subsequently be transmitted to a detector 324 for signal quantification. Detector 324 can be any device capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation, and can generally be characterized as a transducer optical. In some embodiments, detector 324 may be, but is not limited to, a thermal detector, such as a thermopile or photoacoustic detector, a semiconductor detector, a piezoelectric detector, a charge coupling device (CCD) detector , a video or matrix detector, a division detector, a photon detector (such as a photomultiplier tube), photodiodes, combinations thereof, or similar elements, or other, detectors known to those skilled in the art.
[0066] In some embodiments, detector 324 can be configured to produce an output signal 326 in real or near real time in the form of a voltage (or current) that corresponds to the characteristic of particular interest in fluid 302. The voltage returned by detector 324 is essentially the dot product of the optical interaction of the optically interacted radiation 318 with the respective ICE 320 as a function of
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36/46 concentration of the characteristic of interest. As such, the output signal 326 produced by detector 324 and the concentration of the characteristic of interest can be related, for example, directly proportional. In other realizations, however, the relationship can correspond to a polynomial function, an exponential function, a logarithmic function, and / or a combination of them.
[0067] In some embodiments, device 306 may include a second detector 328, which may be similar to the first detector 324, in which it may be any device capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation. Similar to the second detector 216 of figure 2, the second detector 328 of figure 3 can be used to detect radiation deviations from the source of electromagnetic radiation. Undesirable deviations can occur in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation 310 due to a wide variety of reasons and potentially causing several negative effects on the device 306. These negative effects can be particularly detrimental to measurements made over a period of time. In some embodiments, radiation deviations can occur as a result of preparing film or material in the sampling window 316 which has the effect of ultimately reducing the volume and quality of light, reaching the first detector 324. Without due compensation, such radiant deviations can result in false readings, and output signal 326 would no longer be primarily or precisely related to the characteristic of interest.
[0068] To compensate for these types of undesirable effects, the second detector 328 can be configured to generate a compensation signal 330 generally indicative of deviations from
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37/46 radiation from the electromagnetic radiation source 308, and thereby normalize the output signal 326 generated by the first detector 324. As illustrated, the second detector 328 can be configured to receive a portion of the optically interacted radiation 318 through a splitter beam beam 332 in order to detect radiant deviations. In other embodiments, however, the second detector 424 can be arranged to receive electromagnetic radiation from any part of the optical train in device 306, in order to detect radiant deviations, without deviating from the scope of the description.
[0069] In some applications, output signal 326 and compensation signal 330 can be carried or otherwise received by signal processor 334 communicably coupled to both detectors 320, 328. Signal processor 334 can be a computer , including a non-transient reading medium, and can be configured to computationally combine the compensation signal 330 with the output signal 326, in order to normalize the output signal 326, taking into account any radiation deviations detected by the second detector 328 In some embodiments, computationally combining the output and signals 320, 328 may involve calculating a ratio between the two signals 320, 328. For example, the concentration or magnitude of each feature of interest determined using the optical computing device 306 can be fed into an algorithm developed by the signal processor 334. The algorithm can be configured to make predictions about how the characteristics fluid 302 changes if the concentration of the characteristic of interest changes.
[0070] In real or near real time, the signal processor 334 can be configured to provide an output signal
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38/46 result 336 corresponding to the characteristic of interest, such as a concentration of a reagent or resulting product present in fluid 302. In some embodiments, as discussed briefly above, the resulting output signal 336 can be read by an operator who can consider the results and make appropriate adjustments for the flow path 304 or take appropriate measures, if necessary, based on the magnitude of the characteristic measure of interest. In some embodiments, the output of the resulting signal 328 can be transported, wired or wireless, to the user for analysis.
[0071] In some embodiments, the resulting output signal 336 can be recognized 336 by signal processor 334 as within or outside a predetermined or preprogrammed range of proper operation. For example, signal processor 334 can be programmed with an impurity profile that corresponds to one or more known reagents that can be introduced into the flow path 304. The impurity profile can also correspond to one or more known products that result from a chemical reaction that transpires from flow path 304. As such, the impurity profile can be a measurement of a concentration or percentage of one or more reagents / products in flow path 304. In some embodiments, impurity can be measured in parts in the million range, but in other embodiments, the impurity profile can be measured in parts in the range of billions or thousandths and even in the percentage range. If the resulting output signal 336 is higher or otherwise incurs a predetermined or pre-programmed operating range for the impurity profile, the signal processor 334 can be configured to alert the user (wired or wireless) of the even so that the action
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39/46 can be initiated as needed. In some embodiments, however, signal processor 334 can be configured to autonomously perform the appropriate corrective action.
[0072] In one or more embodiments, the resulting output signal 336 may be indicative of a concentration of a reagent flowing with fluid 302 and configured to react with, for example, another reagent or other substance found therein. In some embodiments, the reagent can be added to the 304 flow path to, for example, dissolve the wax or accumulation of asphaltene, reduce microbiological growth, etc. In other embodiments, the reagent may be a corrosion inhibitor or scale. In operation, the optical computing device 306 can be configured to determine and report reagent concentration in real or near real time, thereby determining whether the reagent is functioning properly. For example, optical computing device 314 can be configured to determine when the reagent becomes fully saturated or reacts at some point, thus indicating that the reagent's full potential has been exhausted. In other embodiments, the optical computing device 306 can be configured to determine the concentration of unreacted reagents, thereby indicating the effectiveness of an operation. This may prove to be advantageous for more accurately determining the optimal volumes of treatment reagents to provide a specific operation.
[0073] In other embodiments, the resulting output signal 336 may correspond to a product, or its concentration, which results from a chemical reaction process between the two or more
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40/46 reagents in the 304 fluid path. Examples of products that may result from specific chemical reactions in the 304 flow path include, but are not limited to, any inorganic or enzymatic reaction products. In some embodiments, a characteristic of corresponding interest to the product may be indicative of, but not limited to, pH, viscosity, density or specific weight, the temperature and the ionic strength of a chemical compound. In still other embodiments, the specific reagent or product detected or otherwise monitored by the optical computing device 306 can provide an indication as to the nature of a problem occurring in flow path 304. For example, whether the path has been blocked or narrowed flow 304, monitoring of the specific reagent or product can indicate whether such blocking or narrowing was caused by asphaltenes, waxes, etc.
[0074] In some embodiments, the resulting output signal 336 may correspond to a real-time or quasi-real measurement of a chemical reaction process transpiring in the 304 flow path, thus allowing the determination of the reaction kinetics. For example, optical computing device 306 can be configured to monitor the concentration of a reagent or product as a function of time. The main factors that can influence this reaction rate include the physical state of the reagents, the concentrations of the reagents, the temperature at which the reaction occurs, and whether the catalysts are present in the reaction. Methods for numerically determining the reaction kinetics in real time from experimentally derived spectrophotometric absorption data are well known to those skilled in the art.
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41/46 subject and are described in the article Chemical Kinetics in Real Time: Using the Differential Rate Law and Discovering the Reaction Orders, The Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 73, No. 7, July 1996, which are incorporated by reference in your totality.
[0075] Technicians in the subject will readily appreciate the countless applications that the 300 system, and its alternative configurations, can be properly used. For example, system 300 can be used to determine biocidal efficacy and water treatment capabilities. In other applications, system 300 can be used in conjunction with pollution control devices, such as scrubbers, or it can be used to monitor the cure and degrees of cure of a substance, such as, for example, cements from the chemical industry. Oil and Gas. In still other embodiments, system 300 can be used to monitor the aging of a material, or another environmentally induced reaction process. For example, system 300 can be configured to monitor the degradation of one or more polymers, such as those found in hoses, o-rings, etc. System 300 can also be configured to control the degradation of bioiogic materials such as, but not limited to, masonry materials (eg stone, brick, cement, etc.), glass, metals (ie corrosion), fluids, their combinations, and / or similar elements. As will be appreciated, such degradation can result from at least UV light, sunlight, and temperature in addition to the various substances and chemical aging agents (eg acids, etc.). In this way, the 300 system can be useful in monitoring the general condition of flexible risers, hoses, foundations, rust in the pipes, coatings
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42/46 internal and external and so on.
[0076] With reference to figure 4, another exemplary system 400 for monitoring a fluid 302 is illustrated, such as a chemical reaction process that can occur in fluid 302, according to one or more embodiments. The system 400 can be similar in some aspects to the system 300 of figure 3, and therefore can be better understood with reference to the same, where similar numerals indicate similar elements that will not be described again. As illustrated, the optical computing device 306 can be configured again to determine a characteristic of interest for the fluid 302 contained in the flow path 304. Unlike the system 300 in figure 3, however, the optical computing device 312 in the figure 4 can be configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation through fluid 302 through a first sampling window 402a and 402b and a second sampling window arranged radially - in front of the first sampling window 402a. The first and second sampling windows 402a, b can be similar to the sampling window 316 described above in figure 3.
[0077] As electromagnetic radiation 310 passes through fluid 302 through the first and second sampling windows 402a, b, it interacts optically with fluid 302, and potentially with at least one reagent and / or product present. In addition, the optically interacted radiation 318 is directed to or subsequently received by the ECI 320 as arranged in device 306. It should be noted again that, although figure 4 represents ECI 320 to receive optically interacted radiation 318 as transmitted through the sampling window 402a , b, ECI 320 can also be arranged in
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43/46 any point along the optical combination of the device 306, without departing from the scope of the description. For example, in one or more embodiments, ECI 320 can be arranged on the optical train before the first sampling window 402a and also obtain substantially the same results. In other embodiments, the first or second sampling windows 402a, b can serve a dual purpose, such as a transmission window and ECI 320 (i.e., a spectral component). In still other embodiments, ECI 320 can generate modified electromagnetic radiation 322 through reflection, instead of transmission. In addition, as with the system 300 of figure 3, the embodiments are contemplated here, which include the use of two or more ECI components in the device 306, each of which is configured to cooperatively determine the characteristic of interest in the fluid 302.
[0078] The modified electromagnetic radiation 322 generated by ECI 320 is subsequently transmitted to detector 324, for signal quantification and output signal generation 326, which corresponds to the characteristic of particular interest in fluid 302. As with system 300 of FIG. 3, system 400 may also include the second detector 328 for detecting resulting deviations radiated from the source of electromagnetic radiation 308. As illustrated, the second detector 328 can be configured to receive a portion of the optically interacted radiation 318 through a beam splitter 332 in order to detect radiant deviations. In other embodiments, however, the second detector 328 can be arranged to receive electromagnetic radiation from any part of the optical train in device 306, in order to detect radiant deviations, without deviating from the scope of the description. O
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44/46 output signal 326 and compensation signal 330 can then be transported to or otherwise received by signal processor 334, which can computationally combine the two signals 330, 326 and provide the real or near real time the resulting output signal 336 corresponding to the concentration of the characteristic of interest in the fluid 302.
[0079] With reference also to figure 4, with additional reference to figure 3, the technicians in the subject will easily recognize that, in one or more embodiments, electromagnetic radiation can be derived from the fluid itself or otherwise derived regardless of the radiation source electromagnetic 308. For example, several substances naturally radiate electromagnetic radiation which is capable of interacting optically with ECI 320. In some embodiments, for example, fluid 302, or the reagent or product present in fluid 302, may be an irradiation substance of blackbody configured to radiate heat that can interact optically with ECI 320. In other embodiments, fluid 302, or the reagent or product in fluid 302, may be radioactive electromagnetic radiation or chemo-luminescent and therefore radiate electromagnetic radiation that is capable of to interact optically with ECI 320. In still other embodiments, electromagnetic radiation can be induced from fluid 302, or the reagent and or the product in fluid 302, being activated mechanically, magnetically, electrically, their combinations, and so on. For example, in at least one embodiment, a voltage can be placed between fluid 302, or the reagent or product in fluid 302, in order to induce electromagnetic radiation. As a result, achievements are contemplated here, where the source of electromagnetic radiation
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45/46
308 is omitted from the optical computing device 306.
[0080] It should also be noted that the various drawings presented here are not necessarily drawn to scale nor are they, strictly speaking, portrayed as optically correct, as understood by technicians in optics. On the contrary, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are generally used here in order to complete the understanding of the systems and methods provided here. In fact, although the drawings may not be optically accurate, the conceptual interpretations represented in them accurately reflect the exemplary nature of the various achievements described. [0081] Therefore, the present invention is well adapted to achieve the mentioned purpose and advantages, as well as those that are inherent to it. The particular embodiments described above are illustrative only, as the present invention can be modified and practiced in different ways, albeit equivalent. Furthermore, no limitation is intended for the details of construction or creation shown here, except those indicated in the claims below. it is evident that the specific illustrative embodiments described above can be altered, combined or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention described illustratively can be practiced properly in the absence of any element that is not specifically disclosed and / or any optional element disclosed herein. Although the compositions and methods are described in terms of understanding, containing, or including several components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of or“ consist of several components and steps. All numbers and ranges described above
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46/46 may vary according to volume. Whenever a numerical range, with a lower limit and an upper limit is described, any number and any included range incurred in that range is specifically described. In particular, each range of values (in the form of from about one to about b, or, equivalently, from approximately one ab, or, equivalently, from approximately ab) described herein is to be understood as established for each number and range encompassed within the broadest range of values. In addition, the terms in the claims have their normal, ordinary meaning, unless expressly and clearly defined by the patent holder. In addition, the indefinite articles one or one, as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more of the elements introduced. If there is any conflict in the uses of a word or term in this specification, and one or more patents or other documents that may be incorporated by reference, the definitions that are consistent with it.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
1. Fluid monitoring system, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
- a flow path (304) provided inside a well bore and containing a fluid (302) in which a chemical reaction is taking place, the fluid (302) comprising at least one of a reagent and a product associated with the chemical reaction;
- at least one integrated computational element (100) arranged in an optical train to interact optically with the fluid (302) in the flow path (304) and thus generate optically interacted light (210, 214), the at least one integrated computational element (100) comprising a plurality of thin film layers (102, 104) deposited on an optical substrate (116);
- at least one detector (324, 328) arranged in the optical train following at least one integrated computational element (100) to receive the optically interacted light (210, 214) and generate an output signal (326, 336) corresponding to a characteristic of the chemical reaction occurring within the fluid (302); and
- a signal processor (334) communicatively coupled to at least one detector (324, 328) to receive the output signal (326, 336), the signal processor (3340 being programmed to determine the characteristic of the reaction based on the output signal (326, 336).
[2]
2. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises an electromagnetic radiation source (308) disposed in the optical train, the electromagnetic radiation source (308) emitting electromagnetic radiation that optically interacts with at least one of the
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2/4 integrated computational element (100) and fluid (302).
[3]
3. System, according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic of the chemical reaction is a concentration of the reagent in the fluid (302) and the signal processor (304) being further programmed to determine the concentration of the reagent in the fluid ( 302).
[4]
4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the reagent in the fluid (302) comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium, manganese, sulfur, iron, strontium, chlorine, paraffins, waxes , asphaltenes, aromatics, saturated fatty acids, foams, salts, particles, sand and any combination thereof.
[5]
5. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the reagent in the fluid (302 comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of acids, acid-generating compounds, bases, generator-based compounds, biocides, surfactants, inhibitors scale, corrosion inhibitors, gelling agents, crosslinking agents, anti-mud agents, anti-foam agents, anti-foam agents, emulsifying agents, de-emulsifying agents, iron control agents, particle deflectors, salts, loss control additives for fluids, gases, catalysts, clay control agents, corrosion inhibiting agents, flocculants, dispersants, lubricants, scavengers, breakers, delayed release breakers, friction reducers, bridge agents, viscosizers, weighting, solubilizers, rheology control agents, viscosity modifiers, pH control agents, hydrate inhibitors, modifiers permeability
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3/4 relative, diversion agents, consolidating agents, fibrous materials, bactericides, tracers, probes, nanoparticles, dehydroxymethyl tetrakis phosphate sulfate (THPS), glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium chloride, algal / fungal / bacterial deposits, imidazoline derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, alkaline zinc carbonate, amines, and any combinations thereof.
[6]
6. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the characteristic of the chemical reaction is a concentration of a product resulting from the chemical reaction, and the signal processor (304) being further programmed to determine the concentration of the resulting product at from the chemical reaction.
[7]
7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal processor (334) is further programmed to determine the characteristic of the chemical reaction when the characteristic of the chemical reaction comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of a composition chemical content, impurity content, pH level, temperature, viscosity, density, ionic resistance, total measurement of dissolved solids, measurement of salt content, porosity, measurement of opacity, content of bacteria, and any combinations thereof.
[8]
8. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises an electromagnetic radiation source (308) disposed in the optical train and emitting electromagnetic radiation, the at least one detector (324, 328) being a first detector (324) and the system (300) further comprises a second detector (328) arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation and thus generate a signal
Petition 870200003713, of 01/09/2020, p. 112/116
4/4 compensation (330) indicating deviations from electromagnetic radiation.
[9]
9. System, according to claim 8, characterized in that the signal processor (334) is communicably coupled to the first and second detectors (324, 328), the signal processor (334) being programmed to receive and combine computationally outgoing (326, 336) and compensation (330) signals in order to normalize the output signal (326, 336).
[10]
10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow path (304) comprises at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a flow line, a storage container, a separator, a contactor, a process container, and any combinations thereof.

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法律状态:
2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-03-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-05-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 04/09/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US13/615,882|US9086383B2|2012-09-14|2012-09-14|Systems and methods for monitoring chemical processes|

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US13/615,882|2012-09-14|

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PCT/US2013/057966|WO2014042919A1|2012-09-14|2013-09-04|Systems and methods for monitoring chemical processes|

---